Biography of Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great

Account of Olympias, Mother of Alexander the Great Olympias (c. 375â€316 BCE) was a goal-oriented and brutal leader of antiquated Greece. She was the little girl of Neoptolemus I, the ruler of Epirus; the spouse of Philip II, who governed over Macedonia; and the mother of Alexander the Great, who vanquished the domain from Greece to northwest India, setting up perhaps the biggest realm of his time. Olympias was additionally the mother of Cleopatra, the sovereign of Epirus. Quick Facts: Olympias Known For: Olympias was the sovereign of Macedonia and the mother of Alexander the Great.Also Known As: Polyxena, Myrtale, StratoniceBorn: c. 375 BCE in Epirus, Ancient GreeceParents: Neoptolemus I of Epirus, mother unknownDied: c. 316 BCE in Macedonia, Ancient GreeceSpouse: Philip II of Macedonia (m. 357-336 BCE)Children: Alexander the Great, Cleopatra Early Life Olympias was conceived around 375 BCE, the little girl of Neoptolemus I of Epirus, a Greek ruler, and an obscure mother. Her family was a ground-breaking one in old Greece; they professed to be dropped from the Greek saint Achilles, the fundamental character in Homers Iliad. Olympias was likewise known by a few different names: Polyxena, Myrtale,â and Stratonice. Antiquarians accept she picked the name Olympias to commend her spouses triumph in the Olympic Games. A devotee of secret religions, Olympias was acclaimed and dreaded for her capacity to deal with snakes during strict functions. A few researchers accept she had a place with the Cult of Dionysus, a gathering that revered the divine force of wine, fruitfulness, and strict euphoria. Rule In 357 BCE, Olympias was hitched to Philip II, the new lord of Macedonia, as a political coalition organized by her dad Neoptolemus, who administered the Greek realm of Epirus. In the wake of battling with Philip-who previously had three different spouses and furiously coming back to Epirus, Olympias accommodated with Philip at Macedonias capital of Pella and afterward bore Philip two kids, Alexander and Cleopatra, around two years separated. Olympias later asserted that Alexander was really the child of Zeus. Olympias, as the dad of Philips beneficiary hypothetical, overwhelmed at court. At the point when the two had been hitched for around 20 years, Philip wedded once more, this opportunity to a youthful aristocrat of Macedonia named Cleopatra. Philip appeared to repudiate Alexander. Olympias and Alexander went to Molossia, where her sibling had expected the authority. Philip and Olympias openly accommodated and Olympias and Alexander came back to Pella. In any case, when a marriage of note was offered to Alexanders relative Philip Arrhidaeus, Olympias and Alexander may have accepted that Alexanders progression was in question. Philip Arrhidaeus, it had been accepted, was not in the line of progression, as he had a psychological disability. Olympias and Alexander attempted to substitute Alexander as the lucky man, estranging Philip. A marriage was in the end orchestrated between Cleopatra, girl of Olympias and Philip, to a sibling of Olympias. At that wedding, Philip was killed. Olympias and Alexander were supposed to have been behind her spouses murder, however whether this is valid or not is questioned. Rising of Alexander After Philips demise and the rising of their child, Alexander, as leader of Macedonia, Olympias practiced significant impact and power. Olympias is claimed to likewise have had Philips spouse (additionally named Cleopatra) and her young child and girl slaughtered followed by Cleopatras ground-breaking uncle and his family members. Alexander was away frequentlyâ and, during his unlucky deficiencies, Olympias expected an amazing job to ensure her children advantages. Alexander left his general Antipater as official in Macedonia, yet Antipater and Olympias as often as possible conflicted. She left and came back to Molossia, where her girl was presently the official. In any case, inevitably Antipaters power debilitated and she came back to Macedonia. During his rule, Alexander regulated the development of the Macedonian realm, as he vanquished the domain from Greece to northwest India. His military aptitudes were unparalleled; inside merely years he had the option to vanquish the Persian Empire, he despite everything would have liked to make further attacks into Asia when he got wiped out and passed on in 323 BCE. In spite of the fact that records show that he passed on of fever, a few students of history smell a rat. Fight With Cassander After Alexanders passing, Antipaters child Cassander attempted to turn into the new leader of Macedonia. Olympias wedded her little girl Cleopatra to a general who fought for the rulership, yet he was before long slaughtered in fight. Olympias at that point attempted to wed Cleopatra to one more conceivable contender to lead Macedonia. Olympias in the long run turned into the official for Alexander IV, her grandson (the after death child of Alexander the Great by Roxane), and attempted to hold onto control of Macedonia from Cassanders powers. The Macedonian armed force gave up without a battle; Olympias had the supporters of Cassander executed, yet by then Cassander had gotten away. Around this time, Olympias shaped a partnership with Polyperchon, Antipaters replacement, and Eurydice, the spouse of Philip III. The last given warriors to Olympias to order in fight. Cassander moved an unexpected assault and Olympias fled; he at that point blockaded Pydna, she fled once more, and she at last gave up in 316 BCE. Cassander, who had vowed not to slaughter Olympias, orchestrated rather to have Olympias killed by family members of the individuals whom she had executed. Passing Following Cassanders orders, family members of Olympiass casualties battered her to the point of death in 316 BCE. Researchers are not sure whether the Macedonian sovereign was given an appropriate entombment. Inheritance In the same way as other amazing figures from antiquated history, Olympias lives on in the open creative mind. She has been delineated in an assortment of books, movies, and TV arrangement, including the 1956 epic Alexander the Great, Mary Renaults Alexander set of three, the Oliver Stone film Alexander, and Steven Pressfields The Virtues of War: A Novel of Alexander the Great. Sources Bosworth, A. B. Conquest and Empire: the Reign of Alexander the Great. Cambridge University Press, 2008.Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly, and Daniel Ogden. Philip II and Alexander the Great: Father and Son, Lives and Afterlives. Oxford University Press, 2010.Carney, Elizabeth Donnelly. Olympias: Mother of Alexander the Great. Routledge, 2006.Waterfield, Robin. Dividing the Spoils: the War for Alexander the Greats Empire. Oxford University Press, 2013.

Chemistry and Society Essay Example for Free

Science and Society Essay Science is a tremendous amount of a person’s regular daily existence. An individual can discover science in their day by day life in the nourishments that an individual eats, air an individual inhales, cleanser, and precisely everything an individual interacts with. Science is huge in regular day to day existence since synthetic substances make up everything throughout everyday life. For instance, a person’s body, pet, a work area, the sun, food, and medications an individual may take, to give some examples. An individual can watch changes in science brought about by substance responses, for example, leaves evolving hues, preparing food, and blending a cleaning item. Realizing science can enable an individual to settle on everyday decisions that influence their life. For instance, if an individual should combine certain family unit synthetic compounds. Exactness is the size where a specific estimation concurs with the standard worth for that estimation (Dictionary, 2011). Exactness is the means by which close the deliberate measures are to one another (Math is fun, 2011). Society relies upon exactness and accuracy in regular day to day existence. These two connections are frequently subbed unreservedly, yet both have essential contrasts. Organizations involve both exact and exact estimations to remain in business. Exactness expresses that something is steady with a distinguished rate, while accuracy is the volume of detail something conveys. Society relies upon exactness and accuracy in numerous spots. One example is the gas siphons. The gas siphon can show exactness when the gas is streaming, however this is certifiably not an exact estimation of how much gas is siphoning through the siphons. Gas siphons must not just expertise much gas is siphoning through the siphons yet in addition how exact the estimation of gas siphoned. The gas organizations need to realize what amount is siphoned with the goal that the organization can charge the perfect sum for the gas. Some of the time in regular daily existence an individual wouldn't like to be exact. For instance, on the off chance that somebody stops and requests headings to the closest corner store an individual may state that the following service station is around 10 minutes not far off. Giving headings to somebody is a way an individual can give exact data. Another model is, when estimating a room in the house to paint and having to realize how much paint to give. An individual can either gauge and give an exact estimation or give a precise estimation on the space to paint. Another exactness and precision an individual may use in consistently is to what extent it takes their youngster to complete the schoolwork. An exact answer is 20 minutes, yet the exact answer would be 20 minutes and 20 seconds. Time is a fantastic method to be exact or exact. References Dictionary.com. (2011). Precision. Recovered November 3, 2011 from http://dictionary.reference.com/peruse/exactness Math is entertaining. (2011). Exactness and Precision. Recovered November 3, 2011 from http://www.mathsisfun.com/exactness precision.html

Community Involvement in Liquor Licensing †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Examine about the Community Involvement in Liquor Licensing. Answer: Presentation: The issue of liquor related viciousness has been at the cutting edge of motivation in NSW for quite a while. To adjust and advocate the law of the NSW government, the neighborhood chambers make and actualize the approaches corresponding to limit negative impact of liquor and liquor related issues through the guideline, oversight, and implementation of dissemination of Liquor and Game Machine (LGN, 2013). In this manner, committees and polices are engaged with the activity to give consistency among zones of wellbeing, social effect, just as requirement. While Liquor Act 2007 confines and directs the provisions, utilization just as the deals of liquor (Department of Industry, 2017), Gaming Machines Act 2001 controls and oversees betting (NSW Legislation, 2017). The two demonstrations were enacted to limit hurt related with against social conduct, and with an objective to guarantee all the gaming and alcohol related enactment are managed and chosen with productivity (Department of Indus try, 2017). Additionally, they energize dependable alcohol and gaming practices to advance enhancement of network life (Department of Industry, 2017). So as to accomplish its targets, a portion of the key components are tended to, for example, authorizing prerequisite, training, alcohol agrees, treatment of minors, and punishment. While a portion of the components are effectively executed, others are not viable and should have been adjusted. To characterize the viability of these components, examination and result of these five components will be tended to. So as to execute the key components the first being of permitting for Liquor Act 2007, there are six kinds of alcohol licenses which exist in NSW. A large portion of the licenses have the prerequisite of being joined by a Community Impact Statement (Trifonoff, Andrew, Steenson, Nicholas Roche, 2010). The first being Club License this permit is conceded uniquely to clubs which have been enlisted under the Registered Clubs Act 1976. It is permitted to the club under this permit to sell for utilization liquor on and off the premises of the club to their visitors and individuals. Under the Liquor Act 2007 since it was a club that held the club permit it as alluded to as a corporate permit. There must be a different permit for every one of the clubs premises on the off chance that they involved more than one lot of premises under the Liquor Act 2007. A people group sway articulation is required for a club permit. Another kind of permit is the Hotel (Including General Bar License) which permits liquor to be served to overall population. Anyway under the Act there are different administrative controls that are pertinent on the lodging permit, the first being that it must be people in general to which it is available to and not an exclusive hangout, the second being that at whatever point liquor is served free drinking water must be given; third being the prerequisite being of a sign that showed premise name, alcohol permit type and licensee name. The fourth being the necessity of an occurrences register if the exchange of reason proceeded past 12 PM and the fifth being that conditions could either be forced under the LA 2007 or the CLGCA or Director-General, Communities NSW. A restricted sort of lodging permit was the General Bar License, which permitted on premise deal however no take aways. This permit likewise requires a network sway explanation. Restricted License this permitted offer of liquor for utilization just in the premises in capacities held by not revenue driven associations just as exchange fairs and extraordinary occasions. There is no network sway explanation required under this permit. Another kind of permit is On-premise License this permit can be customized for business exercises of at least one sorts which incorporate amusement scene, eatery, work focus, inn and such other such settings where there is utilization of liquor on the premises. In spite of the fact that this permit additionally requires a network sway proclamation yet just when it's a scene for open diversion. Bundled Liquor License is another sort of permit pertinent on web administrators who are selling liquor and alcohol stores. This likewise requires a network sway explanation. The last sort of permit if Producer/Wholesaler License this kind of permit is for distiller, winemaker, brewer and distributer. There is no necessity for network sway e xplanation for this. The Independent Liquor and Gaming Authority with the assistance of the network sway explanation is had mindful of the effect that is had by conceding of use in a nearby network. There was study that was authorized by OLGR in the mid 2012 by the Allen Consulting Group (Allen Consulting Group, 2012) into the quantity of authorized premises total effect especially concerning the thickness of permit. As there has been an extensive increment in the authorized premises. In utilization of permit it is significant for the power to consider the social where the thickness of permit assumes a noticeable job. Despite the fact that there have been a few examinations which have been directed showing that higher thickness of permit demonstrate higher social mischief (Stockwell et al., 2005). There are other people who don't discover any relationship between two. Allen Group discoveries were blended, not so much fruitful or ineffective when it resulted in these present circumstances, the thickness of permit increment was by all account not the only motivation of the negative social effects. In spite of the fact that there was a connection between viciousness identified with liquor and thickness there were different components that added to it also (Oxland Roulston, 2012). The expansion in Liquor License can be seen in a superior way from the picture underneath, it tends to be seen that there was not an exceptionally intense and in this manner can't be expressed to be a finished sucess. The alcohol law advancement has made it simpler for accomplishing in NSW the alcohol permit, along these lines empowering that the licensee can advance, flexibly and sell alcohol in NSW in an all the more free way (Breaking down boundaries Community contribution in alcohol authorizing choices in NSW, 2013). As of now talked about above there has been a stunning increment in the quantity of alcohol permit application and endorsement in NSW. The Liquor Act 2007 requires dependable assistance of Alcohol under segment 99(2)(c). Which means subsequently instruction is significant for the supervisors, licensees and other individual which incorporate group controllers, bar staff and volunteers and they are required to finish RSA instructional class and hold a RSA declaration (NSW GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO THE STATUTORY REVIEW OF THE LIQUOR ACT 2007 AND THE GAMING AND LIQUOR ADMINISTRATION ACT 2007, 2014). The premises are required to keep a register of all the RSA confirmed representatives. This is to be made accessible to the OLGR overseer or the cop as and when mentioned. The Liquor Act 2007 further reinforced the damage minimization part of RSA preparing. It has been made compulsory in NSW to have a RSA preparing and licensees who employe staff. The punishment for not having workers who are RSA affirmed is one of the most elevated which guarantees consistence. It has gotten compulsory in NSW to have RSA preparing for the indi viduals who are engaged with the flexibly and offer of alcohol out in the open, along these lines making its execution increasingly effective (Pratten, 2007). In 2010 the Liquor Act 2007 was altered to incorporate Precinct Liquor Accords and Community Event Liquor Accords. It shapes a piece of the NSW Governments activity of problem free evenings as an arrangement for lessening extensively hostile to social inebriated conduct and liquor related wrongdoing in five essential areas of amusement in NSW, Manly Sydney Central Business District, Newcastle-Hamilton and Wollongong. The explanation behind distinguishing these areas was on the grounds that there were huge issues with alcohol authorizing. By method of accords a wide scope of partners are united trying to diminish savagery identified with liquor and empowering a more secure condition. The effect of this is anyway fruitful. There is adequate proof of the viability of the methodology of accords in diminishing the utilization of liquor (Trifonoff Nicholas 2008). A general preclusion exists on the flexibly of alcohol to minors underneath the age of 18 years under the Liquor Act 2007 of every an authorized scene. It likewise in many occasions spread private settings too. For example there is no particular guideline on parental or grown-up direction for minors who are served liquor in private premises (Weitzman, Folkman, Kerry Lemieux Folkman Wechsler, 2003). As saw underneath there has been a general decrease in the quantity of youngsters who have expended liquor from 1987 to 2014, showing that this usage has been increasingly fruitful. The Act has become a significant driver of progress, the administration under the Act directed the gracefully and offer of alcohol. Part 9A sets up a framework whereby recurrent guilty parties are put on a way towards disciplinary activity. That disciplinary activity may incorporate having prohibitive exceptional conditions put upon the permit, exclusion of the licensee, suspension of the permit or even wiping out of the permit. Anyway raising punishments are required, it is basic to apply punishments for acts, for example, those including minors to incorporate wiping out and suspension of alcohol permit to offense with under Liquor Act 2007 segment 117(1). The Gaming and Machines Act 2001 presented the authorizing framework for industry members of the gaming machine industry. This guaranteed the people who were engaged with the testing, assembling, overhauling and flexibly of gaming machines go along or potentially meet with the predetermined direct and trustworthiness norms. Assents were given under it to members who don't satisfy such guidelines. This guarantees there is an open record of the setting and people who have been approved. In NSW the gaming machine industry is acclimated with permitting (Breen, Hing, Gordon Buultjens, 2012). This all

Genuine Use Of The Complying Conditions †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Examine About The Genuine Use Of The Complying Conditions? Answer: Introducation The issue of duty evasion resembles a twofold edged blade in the hands of the expense specialists. It gets troublesome, for both the citizens just as the specialists, to separate between the veritable utilization of the consenting conditions and the real consistence of the guidelines. In specific cases, a citizen may advance a duty shirking proposition as a non-charge evasion proposition to get away from the expense net. At times, this happens in light of the fact that the edges from ventures are unreasonably low for the citizen. In any case, when a citizen is settling on a superior pace of return by ventures not being dependent upon tax assessment as a result of duty evasion utilization of the Act, at that point the motivation behind the citizen is to exploit charge shirking guidelines. In the perspective on the Commissioner, this is additionally appeared through the claim of Challenge (CA) and is likewise steady with the methodology which the Australian High Court received on account of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Spotless Services Ltd (1996) 186 CLR 404. Indeed, even McGechan J has additionally spoken about how such a course of action was organized on account of Elmiger (HC)[1], and I quote: I am very unfit to acknowledge accommodation (a). Unmistakably, and at any rate, one of the reasons or impacts of the downstream exchanges was charge evasion, and that was not a simply coincidental reason or impact. One need not look extremely far. There was, obviously, a customary business reason or a level of common business reason in what was finished. Fay Richwhite and CML expected to make benefits. That is valid in all business, incorporating business conveyed forward in a duty viable manner: it isn't accomplished for delight or to tempt the assessment man. They went about it, be that as it may, in a way which - charge factors separated - was remarkably and superfluously confused. There was no explanation - charge factors separated - for the expand downstream chain and assistant exercises being remembered for something which generally was a loaning of cash raised by the RPS exchanges on secure ventures gaining premium. To state in any case resembles heading out from Wellington t o Auckland through Stewart Island, the Chathams and Kermadecs (in the event that not Easter Island), at that point asserting that is simply one more accessible course. Unquote. Taking into account such perceptions, it follows that the size of a tax break accomplished by a citizen under the organized plan can't be utilized to build up that the citizen has used a duty shirking reason which is just coincidental. Despite what might be expected, tax assessment specialists need to advance a solid evidential factor in an official courtroom which will cause the appointed authority to consider a view on whether the expense evasion reason for the citizen is following normally from a non-charge shirking reason. Simply saying that the tax cuts are enormous, can make it hard for the tax collection specialists to set up that the citizens tax cuts will follow normally from or possibly fundamentally connected to, some other purpose[2]. The issue which this paper professes to investigate is the assignment looked by the tax collection experts in distinguishing any game plans which are organized by the citizen and this incorporates recognizable proof of the expense impacts under the assessment arrangements covering the issues[3] through Sections BG 1 and GA 1 of the Income Tax Act of 2007. Guidelines s 108 of the Land and Income Tax Act, 1954; s 99 of the Income Tax Act, 1976; ss BG 1 and GB 1 of the Income Tax Act, 1994; ss GB 1 and GB 1 of the Income Tax Act, 2004; ss BG 1 and GA 1 of the Income Tax Act, 2007; s YA 1 of the Income Tax Act, 2007. Ben Nevis Forestry Ventures Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [2008] NZSC 115, [2009] 2 NZLR 289. BNZ Investments Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (2009) 24 NZTC 23,582 (HC). Magistrate of Inland Revenue v Alcan New Zealand Ltd [1994] 3 NZLR 439 (CA). Magistrate of Inland Revenue v BNZ Investments Ltd [2002] 1 NZLR 450 (CA). MacNiven (HM Inspector of Taxes) v Westmoreland Investments Ltd [2001] UKHL 6, [2003] 1 AC 311. Penny v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [2011] NZSC 95, [2012] 1 NZLR 433. Sovereign Assurance Company Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [2012] NZHC 1760, (2012) 25 NZTC 20-138.APPROACH TO SECTION BG 1 Before we start the conversation on issues identified with charge shirking by citizens, we have to comprehend the clarification which Section BG 1[4] gives: an expense evasion course of action organized by the citizen gets void as it gets against the perspective of the Commissioner; in such cases the Commissioner has the choice to balance the assessment advantage which the citizen has gotten under the course of action. Under the enactment, there are sure key components which apply to ss BG 1 and GA 1 of the Income Tax Act, 2007: course of action; charge evasion; and charge evasion game plan. Segment BG 1 is utilized by tax collection specialists to clarify the term charge evasion game plan. This term contains two significant parts - the term charge evasion and course of action. We will talk about the term game plan first and the term charge evasion will be examined later. The idea of a game plan is characterized in s YA 1 as a methods or an understanding or an agreement or an arrangement or an understanding, which might be enforceable or unenforceable and incorporates all the means just as the exchanges through which it very well may be brought into impact. Meaning of the term game plan had been given in s 99(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1976 and was considered by Richardson P on account of BNZ Investments No 1 (CA) and it varies from the present meaning of game plan in s YA 1[5]. The term is characterized under s YA 1 as a course of action can be an agreement which is lawfully enforceable or a less conventional understanding or an arrangement which could conceivably be legitimately enforceable. In spite of the fact that the words utilized in the above noted definition, an understanding, agreement, plan, or comprehension have been utilized in the solitary structure, it doesn't pass on the implying that the course of action organized by the citizen would be found either in a solitary record or exchange. This clarifies there can be at least two archives or might be exchanges, which may together make one game plan. This has been built up on account of Tayles v Commissioner of Inland Revenue [1982] 2 NZLR 726 (CA), where the appealing party rancher had executed three records a deed of trust, a deed of association and an understanding for the exchange which included just one stock. Subsequently, the meaning of the term clarifies that a course of action can be enveloped of different activities which have been attempted by the citizen for completing an organized game plan, regardless of whether all the activities are not depicted in the understanding or agreement or plan or comprehension. This is additionally settled on account of Commissioner of Inland Revenue v Penny [2010] NZCA 231, [2010] 3 NZLR 360, where Randerson J expressed, and I quote: I am fulfilled that a course of action isn't constrained to a particular exchange or understanding however may grasp a progression of choices and steps taken which together proof and comprise an understanding, plan or comprehension. Any such game plan might be proceeded in every one of the salary years being referred to or might be changed from year to year. Unquote. In some different choices, the courts conveyed the implying that at least two exchanges may not be adequately connected to one another with the goal that they can establish a course of action. These choices were instrumental in proposing that at least two exchanges can't be viewed as comprising a course of action only for the explanation that one individual is end up being the gathering to the two exchanges and it has been expected that he went into one exchange as a result of the other. At the point when such happenings go to the cutting edge, it is for tax assessment specialists to gather and analyze all the significant realities relating to the exchange or exchanges and present their connecting with the organized game plan created by the citizen and present the established truths to the court. In this specific circumstance, the initial step was taken by Wild J while managing the instance of BNZ Investments No 2 (HC)[6], when he embraced a broad examination of the introduced realities before he considered the application under s BG 1. It now and then become troublesome in any event, for the fair appointed authorities to accept a choice regarding what is important while investigating whether there is an authentic expense shirking by the citizen or whether any assessment evasion is being appeared as simply coincidental to the non-charge reason. So, it is the right investigation of the data which will be pertinent in coming to a reasonable and precise perspective with respect to whether there is an expense evasion, in the event that it can dispassionately build up the business and financial truth of the exchanges and can relate the organized arrangement of the citizen to a specific area of the Act. Correspondingly, the gathered data will likewise get applicable to the test not just coincidental, in the event that it prompts the proof of a non-charge shirking reason for the citizen which can clarify the specific structure of the course of action proposed by the taxpayer[7]. In this unique situation, the current instance of Mr. Nathan can be contrasted and that of AMP Life Ltd v Commissioner of Inland Revenue (2000) 19 NZTC 15,940 (HC). This case is viewed as an expert regarding the matter that the grouping of the announced occasions may not generally comprise a course of action simply on the thought that one occasion follows the other or potentially they appear to be causally identified with one another. The dispute of the Commissioner was that for this situation, there was a course of action among AMP and AFS (an auxiliary) and this was gathered as a result of the accompanying related advances: AMP and different auxiliaries of it (counting AFS) were gathering their misfortunes which they had brought about in view of the offer market crash of 1987 and were guaranteeing conclusions by virtue of these misfortunes in their pay year finished 3

Ultimate Guide to Market Situation Analysis

Ultimate Guide to Market Situation Analysis If you are familiar with business plans and marketing plans, then a market situation analysis is no longer new to you. Whether it is a standalone marketing plan, or a marketing plan within a larger, more encompassing business plan, expect to find a market situation analysis section in there.This is one section in a business plan that must not be ignored or taken lightly, which is why businesses are even hiring professional marketing analysts to be in charge of its preparation. © Shutterstock | PureSolutionThis guide will 1) introduce you to market situation analysis including 4Cs and 2) walk you through the content of a market situation analysis.INTRODUCTION TO MARKET SITUATION ANALYSISFrom the phrase alone, we can pretty much deduce what a “market situation analysis” is. It involves evaluation of the situation and trends in a specific market. If you are in the process of business planning to launch a new product in a specific market, you need to evaluate the situation in that market.The purpose of this is clear: to help the business determine the areas where marketing efforts are most needed, and to enable you to make your business plans and implement them accordingly.Marketing plans, campaigns and strategies are developed after much research and analysis, and that is where the market situation analysis comes in handy. This will serve as a guide for the marketing team and management to make decisions regarding the marketing route that the business wi ll take.Many look at market situation analysis as a simple activity. Others refer to the specific section in a marketing or business plan. On the other hand, there are those who describe it as a process. All these perspectives are correct.[slideshare id=35514328doc=iclass4-situationalanalysisv20140410posting-140605023559-phpapp01w=640h=330]4 Cs of Market Situation AnalysisSeveral pieces of literature refer to situation analysis as the analysis of the “Four Cs”, referring to the four major elements that are to be studied or evaluated.Company â€" This is an analysis of the internal workings of the business or company, such as its goals and objectives, be they short-term or long-term. It also takes a look at the organizational and corporate culture in place, the company’s strengths and weaknesses, and its share in the market.Customer â€" This time, attention is focused on the customer, so this will look into customer demographics, such as type, number, age, and so on. It will tak e an even deeper look, taking into account the value drivers that make the customers act in a certain way. The analysis will also take a look at the decision processes of customers.Competitor â€" Since competition is another important aspect of a business, there is also a need to include them in the market situation analysis. The analysis will take a look at the market position of the company and its shares, as compared to that of the competitors. It will also have to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the competitors.Collaborators â€" Aside from the business and its competitors, there are other parties that also play a crucial, though indirect, role in the business operations. They are the collaborators, and they include other players such as distributors, suppliers, consultants, subsidiaries and joint ventures, to name a few.Market Situation Analysis in the Business PlanThis section in the business plan contains all the information, and analysis thereof, regarding the market that the business finds itself in. In short, it describes the current status or state of the target market.Therefore, you will find information derived from research and analysis on your business’ target market, its customers, its competitors, and the business challenges that it faces. In addition, it also contains a SWOT analysis of your business, detailing its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and the threats that it faces.This is how to perform a SWOT analysis for your business. Keep in mind that all the information and data to be included in the Market Situation Analysis should be based on cold, hard, verifiable facts. Hunches, speculations and guesses â€" no matter how much you claim that they are educated or provided by experts â€" should not make their way on the market situation analysis, unless you include a disclaimer stating that fact.Remember that your management and marketing team â€" and other users â€" will be relying on the contents of your Market Situation Pla n for their own decision-making. Giving them information that is wrong or unreliable will only lead to more problems.CONTENTS OF THE MARKET SITUATION ANALYSISLet us take a look at the items that should be included in the Market Situation Analysis section of your plan.Analysis of the Current Product or ServiceThe first question to be answered is “what are the business’ products or services?” or, if applicable, “what are the product lines or service lines that the business currently offers?”The points that you should touch on regarding your product include the following:Description and details of your current products/services or product lines and service lines, whichever is applicable. Zero in on the product attributes, such as its main features and specifications.The price point of your product relative to that of your competitors. What pricing strategy did you adopt? If you used different pricing in various distribution levels, such as having a different price for wholesa le buyers, retail buyers, and distributors, you also have to evaluate these points. If you also offer discounts and incentives, you also have to talk about them.The market share of your products or services. Think of the market as a pie; how much of that pie is occupied by your product or service? You should be able to make estimates of the market size so this will enable you to make estimates of growth rates in the future.The promotional strategies for your products or services:The advertising and sales promotion techniques you implement for your products. Do you rely on print and media, or do you also actively make use of online or internet advertising?The position of your product in the market. In short, how did you position your product in the marketplace? Is it the one having the highest quality? Is it the one with the best return on investment? Is it the one with the lowest price?Differentiations of your product or service. How do you distinguish your product or service from o ther similar products or services in the market?The personal selling and public relations that your company uses in order to increase public awareness of your product or services.The places or sources where you purchase your products or, in case of a manufacturing concern, its raw materials. You should also include the alternative sources of these parts or components.The places or outlets where your products are available for sale, or where your services may be sought. This is a detailed look at how the product is delivered to the market and to the end users, or how it is made accessible to them.The support services that you currently offer to your distributors and end users. This covers the services that you provide before and during the sale. Do you also offer after-sales services? Then you should include that in your situational analysis as well.What if the purpose of the market situation analysis is to launch a new product? Is there still a need to evaluate the current products? This will be up to your judgment. The most obvious answer would be NO, since you are launching a new product that is different from your current products.However, if you can make a connection between your current products and the product that you will potentially launch, then you can touch on it briefly.The same is true if you are still starting a business and there are currently no products or services being offered.Analysis of the Current Target MarketThe most obvious question is probably “what geographic area will the company do business in, or sell its products and services?” That is correct, but that is also not all there is to it. You have to identify your target market, particularly in terms of population and demographics.This is a more extensive customer-focused aspect, because you will be looking at your target audience as a whole. The inclusions are:Strategy used to reach the customers in the target market. Are you using the mass market approach, where your goal is to sell to a large and often very broad market? Or do you take the segmentation approach, targeting selective areas or niches one by one?Psychographic or demographic profile of the target market. You will take into consideration the age, gender, income brackets, education and occupation of the customers in your target market. You should also look deeper, taking into account their lifestyle, attitudes, preferences, and purchasing or shopping decisions.The purchasing process used by the target market, focusing on how they make their decisions and how they go about the entire purchasing process. They are also bound to have several sources of information for their decision-making, so you also have to identify what these sources are. You have to fully understand what influences them to decide whether to buy or not to buy. There are subconscious factors and conscious factors that influence this decision. You need to be aware of all of them.Analysis of the Current CustomerIn some instances, people preparing this section of a marketing plan include the analysis of the customers with that of the target market. But it won’t be a bad idea to make a separate evaluation. This is where you will describe the characteristics of the customers in your target market.Their needs. More specifically, what are the benefits that they are looking for in the market, and are your products or services able to provide those benefits?Their usage of the product. You’ll have to relate the product or service with the customer. Identify the customer that uses the product or service, and ascertain their reasons for using these products and service. When do they use it, and how do they use it?Their perception of your product or service, and of your brand as a whole, and their overall attitudes. This is one way to test whether the current positioning of your product or service actually works. Analysis of the Current CompetitionDo you know who your competitors in the market are? If you do, have you taken the time to determine your market share with respect to their market share? It is not enough that you know that you have competitors A and B. You also have to see how you are faring against them.When evaluating your competitors, pay close attention to the following:The target markets currently being served by the competitorsThe products or services from the competitors that are directly (or even indirectly) competing with yoursThe pricing strategies of the competitorsThe promotional program and strategies of the competitorsAdditional services offered by the competitors before, during and after sale of products and servicesTheir strengths and weaknessesIf you notice, they mirror the items that you also have to evaluate internally, within your own business. That is because you want to compare your own operations with that of your competitors.When analyzing the competitive situation that your business is in, you also have to widen your scope, looking at the big picture and ta king note of the current competitive trends, as well as the trends that are foreseen to prevail in the future. These trends will affect the competitive landscape of your business.Analysis of the Current Distributor NetworkWhen you evaluated the current products or services, you have touched on how you made them accessible to the end users. However, if you have an extensive distributor network, you might want to create a separate section for it. (Of course, if the company does not make use of distributors, this part could be skipped.)Emphasis should be put on the distribution channels used to bring the product or service to the market, including the modes of shipping and handling and the process implemented for processing orders and shipping them out. It is also recommended to include an analysis on the major benefits that are received by the distributors as well as the company itself.Preparers of marketing plans suggest that the following be included in the evaluation of distributor networks.Distribution channels or supply chain used to deliver the product to the final users. Does the company perform direct selling, or do they purely sell their product or services through a third-party distributor? If both channels are used, what is the ratio of usage?The needs of the distributors that are satisfied by their relationship with the company. How does your product or service help their business? What are the benefits that they get from being part of your distribution network?Demographic profile of the network. This is in cases where the company has more than a few distributors. Identify the types and sizes of distributors, and the markets served as well as geographic areas, if applicable.Financial AnalysisThis is a closer look at the current financial condition of your company. Basically, you will be dealing with numbers and wading through the various financial reports pertaining to the operations of the company.Points that require the most attention during analys is are:Current Sales: You will pay attention to the various levels: industry level, product category level, segment level, and geographical level, whichever is applicable. If your market also spans several geographical regions, you may also evaluate the level of sales per region. Afterwards, you should also compare your sales figures to those of your competitors.Profitability: Profitability means looking at the bottom line. However, there more considerations than just the Net Income or Net Profit figure. You also have to take into consideration the revenues or receipts and the expenses or costs that reduce them.Growth: Using financial information and ratios derived from the reports and statements, you may also deepen your analysis by looking into the growth potential of the company, and compare how it will fare with the competition and in the industry as a whole.Other External ForcesThere are simply some other factors or forces that affect the performance of a business that, no matt er what the business does, are completely out of their control. These also need to be included in the evaluation.Areas to be considered include:Social and cultural forces. This is especially true if you are operating in various markets, since there are bound to be social and cultural differences that would affect how you do business.Economic forces. Economic and market stability is generally uncontrollable by the company so, in a sense, all businesses are under the mercy of movements in the economy.Technological forces. At the fast rate of technological advances and innovations, businesses are forced to keep up if they aim to be constantly competitive.Legal forces. Businesses are subject to certain legal and regulatory restrictions and they must adhere to them. These should also be noted in the market situation analysis considering that they will also affect how the business should draw up its marketing and business plan.Political forces. Multinational companies with segments in var ious countries find themselves having to deal with political forces in those countries. Situations like these should also be included in the analysis, considering their impact on the company as a whole.There is no definite format on how the Market Situation Analysis should be written. It could be as short as a few pages, or as many as a bundle of them. The important thing is that the most relevant and important points are documented, and that the resulting Market Situation Analysis is reliable for decision makers.